Updated Methodology for Assigning Credit Ratings to Sovereigns Staff discussion paper 2021-16 Karim McDaniels, Nico Palesch, Sanjam Suri, Zacharie Quiviger, John Walsh We update the Bank of Canada’s credit rating methodology for sovereigns, including our approach to assessing their fiscal position and monetary policy flexibility. We also explicitly consider climate-related factors. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): F, F3, F31, G, G2, G24, G28, G3, G32 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Funds management, Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Structural challenges, Climate change
May 13, 2026 AI is knocking: Canada’s next productivity story Remarks Michelle Alexopoulos Ottawa Economics Association—Canadian Association for Business Economics Spring Policy Conference Ottawa, Ontario External Deputy Governor Michelle Alexopoulos discusses what we know so far about AI adoption, and what it could mean for productivity and labour markets in Canada. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
May 27, 2005 70 Years of Central Banking in Canada Remarks David Dodge Canadian Economics Association Hamilton, Ontario The Bank opened its doors on 11 March 1935, at the height of the Great Depression, and immediately faced enormous challenges. In meeting those challenges, the new Bank of Canada drew on the experience of other, established central banks. It received valuable guidance in functions such as the issuance of bank notes, managing foreign exchange reserves, and promoting financial stability. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
Do Firms’ Sales Expectations Hit the Mark? Evidence from the Business Leaders’ Pulse Staff discussion paper 2025-15 Owen Gaboury, Farrukh Suvankulov, Mathieu Utting We analyze Canadian data from the Bank of Canada’s Business Leaders’ Pulse, examining firms’ sales growth expectations. We find that expected growth predicts outcomes, uncertainty influences forecast errors and revisions, and firms with weak past performance anticipate and experience weaker future growth. These results highlight the survey’s value for understanding business expectations. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): C, C8, C83, D, D2, D22 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Real economy and forecasting
Everything You Want to Know About the Bank’s Standing Liquidity Facility… But were too afraid to ask! Staff analytical paper 2026-26 Kaetlynd McRae, Jessie Ziqing Chen The Standing Liquidity Facility (SLF) is one of the Bank of Canada’s least discussed tools—and one of its most important. Embedded directly in Canada’s high value payment system, Lynx, the SLF operates quietly in the background every business day, ensuring the smooth settlement of payments and reinforcing the implementation of monetary policy. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E4, E41, E42, E44, E5, E58, E59, G, G2, G21, G28 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation, Money and payments, Payment and financial market infrastructures
September 11, 2009 Bank of Canada Liquidity Actions in Response to the Financial Market Turmoil Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 2009 Lorie Zorn, Carolyn A. Wilkins, Walter Engert In response to the financial crisis of 2007-09, the Bank of Canada intervened repeatedly to stabilize the financial system and limit the repercussions of the crisis on the Canadian economy. This article reviews the extraordinary liquidity measures taken by the Bank during this period and the principles that guided the Bank's interventions. A preliminary assessment of the term liquidity facilities provided by the Bank suggests that they were an important source of liquidity support for some financial institutions and, on a broader basis, served to reduce uncertainty among market participants about the availability of liquidity, as well as helping to promote a return to well-functioning money markets. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
February 9, 2017 Getting to the Core of Inflation Remarks Lawrence L. Schembri Department of Economics, Western University London, Ontario Deputy Governor Lawrence Schembri discusses the uses and measures of core inflation in the conduct of monetary policy. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economic models, Inflation, Inflation targeting framework
October 23, 2002 Monetary Policy Report – October 2002 Over the past year, Canada’s economy has outperformed the economies of virtually all the other major industrial countries. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
January 29, 2001 Annual Report 2000 The Canadian economy continued to expand robustly in 2000 while inflation remained low. Content Type(s): Publications, Annual Report
August 25, 2020 Our COVID-19 response: Large-scale asset purchases Paul Beaudry The Bank of Canada has taken many actions to support Canadians since the COVID-19 pandemic struck. These include large-scale asset purchases—buying a substantial amount of government bonds and other financial assets. Our purchases serve two purposes. They help key financial markets work properly, and they can help increase spending in the economy. This leads to more employment and stronger economic growth. Content Type(s): Publications, The Economy, Plain and Simple Subject(s): Financial system, Financial markets, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation targeting framework