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337 Results

Digitalization: Labour Markets

Staff discussion paper 2023-16 Alex Chernoff, Gabriela Galassi
In this paper, the authors assess the relationship between digitalization and labour demand and supply, and how this relationship affects wages and income inequality. We also explore implications of recent digitalization trends for the future of work.

Liquidation Mechanisms and Price Impacts in DeFi

Staff working paper 2025-12 Phoebe Tian, Yu Zhu
This paper theoretically and empirically examines the price impacts of liquidations in DeFi and how different liquidation mechanisms affect the price impacts.

Firm Heterogeneity and Adverse Selection in External Finance: Micro Evidence and Macro Implications

Staff working paper 2025-20 Xing Guo, Pablo Ottonello, Thomas Winberry, Toni Whited
We develop a heterogeneous firm macro model with private information and quantify the aggregate relevance of asymmetric information. We find that a spike in private information account for 40% of the decline in aggregate investment during the 2007-2009 financial crisis and made monetary stimulus significantly less effective.

Parallel Tempering for DSGE Estimation

Staff working paper 2024-13 Joshua Brault
I develop a population-based Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm known as parallel tempering to estimate dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. Parallel tempering approximates the posterior distribution of interest using a family of Markov chains with tempered posteriors.

Calculating Effective Degrees of Freedom for Forecast Combinations and Ensemble Models

Staff discussion paper 2022-19 James Younker
This paper derives a calculation for the effective degrees of freedom of a forecast combination under a set of general conditions for linear models. Computing effective degrees of freedom shows that the complexity cost of a forecast combination is driven by the parameters in the weighting scheme and the weighted average of parameters in the auxiliary models.

Does Outward Foreign Investment Matter for Canadian Productivity? Evidence from Greenfield Investments

Staff working paper 2018-31 Naveen Rai, Lena Suchanek, Maria Bernier
This paper seeks to understand how outward foreign direct investment (FDI) affects the productivity of Canadian firms. We estimate the impact of outward greenfield investment on measures of firm-level productivity using FDI data from roughly 2,000 Canadian firms and more than 4,000 outward FDI projects over the 2003–14 period.

BoC–BoE Sovereign Default Database: Methodology, Assumptions and Sources

Technical report No. 117 David Beers, Elliot Jones, John Walsh
Until recently, few efforts have been made to systematically measure and aggregate the nominal value of the different types of sovereign government debt in default. To help fill this gap, the Bank of Canada (BoC) developed a comprehensive database of sovereign defaults that is posted on its website and updated in partnership with the Bank of England (BoE).
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