Consumer Search, Productivity Heterogeneity, Prices, Markups, and Pass-through: Theory and Estimation Staff working paper 2024-50 Alex Chernoff, Allen Head, Beverly Lapham We develop and estimate a search model in which identical consumers trade with price-setting firms that differ in productivity. We use the estimated model to characterize the qualitative and quantitative differences in prices and markups across firms. We explore how individual firms respond to changes in cost and demand and how they pass these through to their prices and markup. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E3, E31, L, L1, L16 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures
June 9, 2016 Financial System Review - June 2016 The Financial System Review concludes that the overall level of risk to Canada’s financial system is largely unchanged from six months ago. While household vulnerabilities have moved higher, the ongoing economic recovery in Canada means that the overall risk remains the same. The Bank highlights three vulnerabilities in the financial system: the elevated level of household indebtedness, imbalances in some regional housing markets and the fragility of liquidity in fixed-income markets. Content Type(s): Publications, Financial Stability Report
December 15, 2000 The Federal Government's Use of Interest Rate Swaps and Currency Swaps Bank of Canada Review - Winter 2000-2001 John Kiff, Uri Ron, Shafiq K. Ebrahim Interest rate swaps and currency swaps are contracts in which counterparties agree to exchange cash flows according to a pre-arranged formula over a period of time. Since 1985, the federal government has been using such swaps to manage its liabilities in a cost-effective and flexible manner. The authors outline the characteristics of swap agreements and the ways in which the government uses them. They show that the swap program has been cost-effective, estimating that past and projected savings exceed $500 million. The authors also discuss the methods that the government uses to monitor the counterparty credit risk associated with these transactions. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
April 22, 2021 Annual Report 2020 The Annual Report outlines the Bank’s activities and achievements in 2020. It includes the financial statements and a message from Governor Tiff Macklem. Content Type(s): Publications, Annual Report
Competition for Exclusivity and Customer Lock-in: Evidence from Copyright Enforcement in China Staff working paper 2023-43 Youming Liu This paper studies the music streaming industry and argues that having exclusive rights granted by copyright law drives firms to offer exclusive content to lock in customers. I employ theoretical and descriptive empirical analysis, along with a dynamic structural model, to support the argument and explore policies for improving competition. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): L, L1, L13, L4, L42, L5, L51 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market structure, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Structural challenges, Digitalization and productivity
Non-Parametric Identification and Testing of Quantal Response Equilibrium Staff working paper 2024-24 Johannes Hoelzemann, Ryan Webb, Erhao Xie We show that the utility function and the error distribution are non-parametrically over-identified under Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE). This leads to a simple test for QRE. We illustrate our method in a Monte Carlo exercise and a laboratory experiment. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): C, C1, C14, C5, C57, C9, C92 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Economic models
Assessing Vulnerabilities in Emerging-Market Economies Staff discussion paper 2018-13 Tatjana Dahlhaus, Alexander Lam This paper introduces a new tool to monitor economic and financial vulnerabilities in emerging-market economies. We obtain vulnerability indexes for several early warning indicators covering 26 emerging markets from 1990 to 2017 and use them to monitor the evolution of vulnerabilities before, during and after an economic or financial crisis. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): C, C8, C82, F, F3, F34, G, G0, G01, G1, G15 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
November 9, 2000 Monetary Policy Report – November 2000 Over the last six months, most countries have continued to register strong economic growth. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
October 25, 2017 Monetary Policy Report – October 2017 Projections for Canadian economic growth have been increased to 3.1 per cent this year and 2.1 per cent in 2018, with growth of 1.5 per cent forecast for 2019. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
A Framework in Search of an Optimal Margining Policy for Official Institutions: The Canadian Experience Staff discussion paper 2016-9 Tomo Nakashima, Mihai Cosma, Boran Plong One of the main outcomes of the global financial crisis has been a series of new regulations imposed on the financial system and specifically on banks. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): G, G3, G32 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Funds management, Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Money and payments, Payment and financial market infrastructures