July 21, 2025 Business Outlook Survey—Second Quarter of 2025 Tariffs and related uncertainty continue to weigh on firms, according to results from the Business Outlook Survey and the Business Leaders’ Pulse. While overall sales outlooks remain weak, outlooks for exports have recovered somewhat, with worst-case trade scenarios appearing less likely. Firms remain cautious in their hiring and investment plans. Some businesses reported cost pressures from tariffs, but competition and weak demand are constraining price pass-through to customers. In this context, firms’ short-term inflation expectations are lower than they were last quarter. Content Type(s): Publications, Business Outlook Survey
December 5, 2019 Economic Progress Report: Charting Our Own Course Remarks Timothy Lane Ottawa Board of Trade Ottawa, Ontario Deputy Governor Timothy Lane talks about the different monetary policy paths taken by Canada and the United States over the last decade and reviews the Bank of Canada’s latest interest rate decision. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation, Inflation targeting framework
October 12, 2007 Bank of Canada Workshop on Derivatives Markets in Canada and Beyond Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 2007 Toni Gravelle At this 2006 workshop hosted by the Bank of Canada, an international group of market participants, regulators, and policy-makers gathered to assess recent developments in the derivatives market. Among the topics discussed were the recent prodigious growth in risk-transfer instruments, including credit derivatives and inflation-linked derivatives, as well as the accompanying challenges and benefits. Overall, the development of derivatives markets was seen as providing broad economic benefits, including more complete financial markets, improved market liquidity, and increased capacity of the financial system to effectively price and bear risk. Yet concern was also voiced that market participants do not fully understand the risks that arise in trading credit derivatives. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
November 10, 1995 The Government of Canada bond market since 1980 Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 1995 Andrew Branion This article focusses on a key component of the federal government's debt-management program, Government of Canada marketable bonds. It first provides a broad overview of the characteristics of these bonds and then discusses the workings of the domestic market, from the formulation of a debt-management strategy to the primary issuance of the bonds, the delivery and payment process, and transactions in the secondary market. Recent developments that have enhanced the overall efficiency of the market are also examined. This article is part of a series that describes and analyses features of the Canadian financial sector. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
November 29, 2012 Quarterly Financial Report - Third Quarter 2012 Quarterly Financial Report - Third Quarter 2012 - For the period ended 30 September 2012 Content Type(s): Publications, Quarterly Financial Report
A buoy on funding tides: How client repo demand and dealer constraints lifted CORRA Staff analytical paper 2026-15 Jean-Sébastien Fontaine, Neil Maru, Sofia Tchamova Pressures on the CORRA benchmark can emerge from the interaction of client borrowing behavior, dealer balance sheet constraints, even if the level of settlement balances is in a range deemed sufficient to meet the requirement of the payment system and the prudential demand of its members. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E5, E52, G, G2, G23 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation
Explaining Unusual Cash Patterns in 2018 Staff analytical note 2019-22 Walter Engert, Ben Fung, Jozsef Molnar, Gradon Nicholls There was an unusually large decline of bank notes in circulation in October 2018. Some have argued that this was due to the legalization of cannabis in Canada in mid-October. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): E, E4, E41, E42, E5, E58 Research Theme(s): Money and payments, Cash and bank notes
Disentangling the Factors Driving Housing Resales Staff analytical note 2019-12 Mikael Khan, Taylor Webley We use a recently developed model and loan-level microdata to decompose movements in housing resales since 2015. We find that fundamental factors, namely housing affordability and full-time employment, have had offsetting effects on resales over our study period. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): C, C2, C22, E, E2, R, R2, R21 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Household and business credit, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting
May 18, 2002 Foreign Takeovers and the Canadian Dollar: Evidence and Implications Bank of Canada Review - Spring 2002 Lawrence L. Schembri Since 1995, acquisitions of foreign firms by Canadian residents and acquisitions of Canadian firms by foreign residents have increased. Through most of this period, the dollar has depreciated, but the cumulative net balance of foreign direct investment acquisition flows has remained close to zero. The recent upward trend in bilateral acquisition flows is part of the globalization process as firms consolidate and rationalize their operations, and is not related to the value of the Canadian dollar. Standard models of international asset pricing imply that there should not be a relationship between the Canadian exchange rate and foreign takeovers of Canadian firms because an exchange rate movement does not give foreign buyers a systematic advantage over domestic buyers. Purchases of domestic firms by foreign residents are likely to be welfare-improving. Transactions between foreign and domestic residents are voluntary, and they imply that the foreign buyers expect to obtain higher profits from the firms' assets. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
January 15, 2024 Business Outlook Survey—Fourth Quarter of 2023 Results from the Business Outlook Survey and the Business Leaders’ Pulse show that with high interest rates and soft demand, firms’ sales growth has slowed over the past 12 months. Firms are less optimistic about current business conditions than they were last quarter, but they expect their sales growth to stabilize in the coming year. With competition returning and demand remaining soft, businesses’ pricing behaviour is slowly returning to normal. Content Type(s): Publications, Business Outlook Survey