Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers discusses how productivity growth can boost Canada’s prosperity and resilience, especially in a shock-prone world. Focusing on Canada’s banking sector, she explains how competition can improve productivity. But, she warns, it comes with trade-offs that must be managed carefully.
Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers discusses how productivity growth can boost Canada’s prosperity and resilience. She also outlines how upcoming financial sector reforms are designed to increase competition.
The BoC–BoE database of sovereign debt defaults, published and updated annually by the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England, provides comprehensive estimates of stocks of government obligations in default. The 2025 edition highlights a decline in the US-dollar value of sovereign debt in default and provides more data about defaults on China’s official loans.
Price levels are a measure of the average cost of goods and services in the economy at a particular point in time. Inflation measures the rate of change in prices over a specific period.
Household savings in Canada have increased significantly since 2019, especially among homeowners without a mortgage. We assess how savings buffers can mitigate households’ financial risk in relation to asset repricing, mortgage payment renewal and unemployment.
We find that the rise in Government of Canada debt issuance correlates to growing participation of hedge funds in bond auctions since 2020. This increased participation supports the cost-effective distribution of Canada’s debt, but it also represents a potential vulnerability because hedge funds have a greater flight risk than other investor types.