2017 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report
Cash use is declining while contactless and mobile payments are on the rise.
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90
result(s)
Should the Central Bank Issue E-money?
Staff Working Paper 2018-58
Charles M. Kahn,
Francisco Rivadeneyra,
Tsz-Nga Wong
Should a central bank take over the provision of e-money, a circulable electronic liability? We discuss how e-money technology changes the tradeoff between public and private provision, and the tradeoff between e-money and a central bank's existing liabilities like bank notes and reserves.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E42,
E5,
E51,
E58
Is a Cashless Society Problematic?
Staff Discussion Paper 2018-12
Walter Engert,
Ben Fung,
Scott Hendry
The use of bank notes in Canada for payments has declined consistently for some time, and similar trends are evident in other countries. This has led some observers to predict a cashless society in the future.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E41,
E42,
E5
How Long Does It Take You to Pay? A Duration Study of Canadian Retail Transaction Payment Times
Staff Working Paper 2018-46
Geneviève Vallée
Using an exclusive data set of payment times for retail transactions made in Canada, I show that cash is the most time-efficient method of payment (MOP) when compared with payments by debit and credit cards. I model payment efficiency using Cox proportional hazard models, accounting for consumer choice of MOP.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Econometric and statistical methods,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
C,
C2,
C25,
C3,
C36,
C4,
C41,
D,
D2,
D23,
E,
E4,
E41,
E42
A Look Inside the Box: Combining Aggregate and Marginal Distributions to Identify Joint Distributions
Staff Working Paper 2018-29
Marie-Hélène Felt
This paper proposes a method for estimating the joint distribution of two or more variables when only their marginal distributions and the distribution of their aggregates are observed. Nonparametric identification is achieved by modelling dependence using a latent common-factor structure.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C14,
D,
D1,
D14,
E,
E4,
E41
Bitcoin Awareness and Usage in Canada: An Update
Staff Analytical Note 2018-23
Christopher Henry,
Kim Huynh,
Gradon Nicholls
The results of our 2017 Bitcoin Omnibus Survey (December 12 to 15, 2017) when compared with those from 2016 show that Bitcoin “awareness” increased from 64 to 85 per cent, while ownership increased from 2.9 to 5.0 per cent. Most Bitcoin purchasers are using the cryptocurrency as an investment and not as a means of payment for goods or services.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff analytical notes
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C12,
E,
E4
Bootstrapping Mean Squared Errors of Robust Small-Area Estimators: Application to the Method-of-Payments Data
Staff Working Paper 2018-28
Valéry Dongmo Jiongo,
Pierre Nguimkeu
This paper proposes a new bootstrap procedure for mean squared errors of robust small-area estimators. We formally prove the asymptotic validity of the proposed bootstrap method and examine its finite sample performance through Monte Carlo simulations.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C13,
C15,
C8,
C83,
E,
E4,
E41
Swedish Riksbank Notes and Enskilda Bank Notes: Lessons for Digital Currencies
Staff Working Paper 2018-27
Ben Fung,
Scott Hendry,
Warren E. Weber
This paper examines the experience of Sweden with government notes and private bank notes to determine how well the Swedish experience corresponds to that of Canada and the United States. Sweden is important to study because it has had government notes in circulation for more than 350 years, and it had government notes before private bank notes.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E41,
E42,
E5,
E58
The (Un)Demand for Money in Canada
Staff Working Paper 2018-20
Casey Jones,
Geoffrey R. Dunbar
A novel dataset from the Bank of Canada is used to estimate the deposit functions for banknotes in Canada for three denominations: $1,000, $100 and $50. The broad flavour
of the empirical findings is that denominations are different monies, and the structural estimates identify the underlying sources of the non-neutrality.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C3,
C31,
C36,
E,
E4,
E41
Merchant Acceptance of Cash and Credit Cards at the Point of Sale
Staff Analytical Note 2018-1
Ben Fung,
Kim Huynh,
Kerry Nield,
Angelika Welte
Recent data show that the use of credit cards in Canada has been increasing, while the use of cash has been declining. At the same time, only two-thirds of small or medium-sized businesses accept credit cards.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff analytical notes
Research Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
C,
C2,
D,
D1,
E,
E4,
E41