March 14, 2019 The Age of Leverage Remarks Carolyn A. Wilkins UBC Vancouver School of Economics and CFA Society Vancouver Vancouver, British Columbia Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn A. Wilkins discusses how high leverage is both a headwind to global growth and a vulnerability in the global financial system. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Financial system, Financial stability, Monetary policy, Economic models, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
September 15, 2008 Offshoring and Its Effects on the Labour Market and Productivity: A Survey of Recent Literature Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 2008 James Rossiter, Yi Zheng, Calista Cheung Offshoring has become an increasingly prominent aspect of the globalization process. Evidence over the past two decades suggests that offshoring has not exerted a noticeable impact on overall employment and earnings growth in advanced economies, but it has likely contributed to shifting the demand for labour towards higher-skilled jobs. There appear to be some positive effects of offshoring on productivity, but such effects differ by country. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
July 4, 2016 Business Outlook Survey - Summer 2016 The summer Business Outlook Survey indicates that overall business sentiment is subdued. The boost from foreign demand remains insufficient to outweigh the continued drag from commodity-related activity combined with modest domestic demand. Content Type(s): Publications, Business Outlook Survey
The Impact of Surprising Monetary Policy Announcements on Exchange Rate Volatility Staff analytical note 2018-39 Adam Albogatchiev, Jean-Sébastien Fontaine, Jabir Sandhu, Reginald Xie We identify a few Bank of Canada press releases that had the largest immediate impact on the exchange rate market. We find that volatility increases after these releases, but the effect is short-lived and mostly dissipates after the first hour, on average. Beyond the first hour, the size of the effect is similar to what we observe for other economic releases, such as those for inflation or economic growth data. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): E, E4, E44, F, F3, F31, G, G1, G10, G12, G14, G15 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, International markets and currencies, Market functioning, Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission
Estimating the Costs of Electronic Retail Payment Networks: A Cross-Country Meta Analysis Staff discussion paper 2025-17 Cam Donohoe, Youming Liu We explore how many electronic funds transfer (EFT) systems can viably coexist within a jurisdiction at efficient scale by estimating the cost curve of the average EFT. We estimate the marginal cost to be approximately $0.55 per transaction, and the fixed cost to be approximately $83 million per year. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E42, E5, E58, H, H5, H54 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Financial system regulation and oversight, Money and payments, Retail payments
December 21, 2018 Business Outlook Survey—Winter 2018 Results from the winter Business Outlook Survey continue to indicate positive business sentiment and elevated capacity pressures in most regions. For firms in the Prairies, the outlook has weakened. Content Type(s): Publications, Business Outlook Survey
October 17, 2022 Business Outlook Survey—Third Quarter of 2022 Business confidence has softened, according to results from the third-quarter 2022 Business Outlook Survey and the July through October 2022 Business Leaders’ Pulse surveys. Many firms expect slower sales growth as interest rates rise and demand growth shifts closer to pre-pandemic levels. Early signs suggest that pressures on prices and wages have started to ease, but firms’ inflation expectations remain high. Content Type(s): Publications, Business Outlook Survey
Potential output and the neutral rate in Canada: 2021 update Staff analytical note 2021-6 Dany Brouillette, Guyllaume Faucher, Martin Kuncl, Austin McWhirter, Youngmin Park We expect potential output growth to be higher than in the October 2020 reassessment. By 2024, growth will be slightly above its average growth from 2010 to 2019. We assess that the Canadian nominal neutral rate continues to lie in the range of 1.75 to 2.75 percent. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): E, E2, E23, E24, E3, E37, E4, E43, E5, E52 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Real economy and forecasting
November 19, 2019 Researching the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Miguel Molico The Bank of Canada has a mandate to “promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada,” primarily through the conduct of monetary policy and promotion of a safe, sound and efficient financial system. Understanding the macroeconomic and financial system impacts of climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy is therefore a priority for the Bank. Content Type(s): Staff research, Other Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, Climate change
May 4, 2020 Bridge to Recovery: The Bank’s COVID-19 Pandemic Response Remarks (delivered virtually) Carolyn A. Wilkins C.D. Howe Institute Toronto, Ontario Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn A. Wilkins discusses measures the Bank has taken to address the COVID-19 pandemic and set the stage for recovery. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Financial system, Financial markets, Financial stability, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth