Ecosystem Models for a Central Bank Digital Currency: Analysis Framework and Potential Models Staff discussion paper 2024-13 Youming Liu, Francisco Rivadeneyra, Edona Reshidi, Oleksandr Shcherbakov, André Stenzel This note analyzes different economic models of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) ecosystem where the central bank chooses different levels of market involvement and usage of policy levers. The analysis suggests that there are trade-offs between the costs to the central bank and its ability to achieve policy goals like universal access. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): E, E5, E58, E6, E61, L, L5 Research Theme(s): Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech, Payment and financial market infrastructures
Local Labor Markets in Canada and the United States Staff working paper 2019-12 David Albouy, Alex Chernoff, Chandler Lutz, Casey Warman We examine local labor markets in the United States and Canada from 1990 to 2011 using comparable household and business data. Wage levels and inequality rise with city population in both countries, albeit less in Canada. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): J, J2, J21, J3, J31, J6, J61, N, N3, N32, R, R1, R12 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, Demographics and labour supply
June 30, 2022 Research Update - June 2022 This monthly newsletter features the latest research publications by Bank of Canada economists including external publications and working papers published on the Bank of Canada’s website. Content Type(s): Staff research, Research newsletters
Canada’s Beveridge curve and the outlook for the labour market Staff analytical note 2022-18 Alexander Lam Canada’s labour market is tight but beginning to ease. Unemployment will likely rise in turn, but the economy can avoid a recessionary surge given current conditions. Higher unemployment would nonetheless be material, especially for those directly impacted. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): E, E3, E32, J, J2, J20, J6, J63, J64 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, Demographics and labour supply
December 4, 2000 Why a Floating Exchange Rate Regime Makes Sense for Canada Remarks Gordon Thiessen Chambre de commerce du Montréal métropolitain Montréal, Quebec One of the issues that has often surfaced over the years is the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar. Indeed, over the past couple of years, it has been a topic of considerable public discussion. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
Distributional Effects of Payment Card Pricing and Merchant Cost Pass-through in Canada and the United States Staff working paper 2021-8 Marie-Hélène Felt, Fumiko Hayashi, Joanna Stavins, Angelika Welte Although credit cards are more expensive for merchants to accept than cash or debit cards, merchants typically pass through their costs evenly to all customers. Along with consumer card rewards and banking fees, this creates cross-subsidies between payment methods. Because higher-income individuals tend to use credit cards more than those with lower incomes, our results indicate that these cross-subsidies might lead to regressive distributional effects. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): D, D1, D12, D2, D23, D3, D31, E, E4, E42, G, G2, G21, L, L8, L81 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market structure, Money and payments, Retail payments
Welfare Analysis of Equilibria With and Without Early Termination Fees in the US Wireless Industry Staff working paper 2020-9 Joseph Cullen, Nicolas Schutz, Oleksandr Shcherbakov The elimination of long-term contracts and early termination fees (ETFs) in the US wireless industry at the end of 2015 increased monthly service fees by 2 to 5 percent. Nevertheless, consumers are clearly better off without ETFs. While firms’ revenues from ETFs vanish, their profits from monthly fees increase. As a result, the overall effect on producer profits is less clear. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): D, D2, D22, L, L1, L15, L9, L96 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market structure, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods
January 30, 2009 Annual Report 2008 It has been a difficult year. The financial turmoil that began mid-2007 deteriorated into a full-blown global financial crisis through 2008. While the resilience and soundness of the Canadian financial system were in many respects exceptional, the scale of the financial crisis and the subsequent global recession had an increasing impact by year’s end on our financial system and our economy. Content Type(s): Publications, Annual Report
September 27, 2018 Technological Disruption and Opportunity Remarks Stephen S. Poloz Atlantic Provinces Economics Council and Greater Moncton Chamber of Commerce Moncton, New Brunswick Governor Poloz talks about how new digital technologies create opportunities in the economy and affect how the Bank conducts monetary policy. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Financial system, Fintech, Monetary policy, Economic models, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
July 12, 2004 Business Outlook Survey - Summer 2004 Businesses are somewhat more optimistic about the outlook than they were in the spring, reflecting increased confidence about the robustness of the global economic recovery. Content Type(s): Publications, Business Outlook Survey