E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

• Public vs. Private Payment Platforms: Market Impacts and Optimal Policy

  Staff working paper 2026-10 Youming Liu, Francisco Rivadeneyra, Edona Reshidi

  We study the competition between a welfare-maximizing public payment platform (e.g., CBDC or fast payment system) and a profit-maximizing private platform in a two-sided market, deriving optimal public pricing and showing how network effects, fragmentation, and policy mandates like zero fees or cost recovery shape welfare, usage, and fee incidence.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): D, D4, E, E4, E42, E5, E58 Research Theme(s): Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech, Payment and financial market infrastructures, Retail payments

• The Governor’s Challenge: A Decade of Success

  Staff analytical paper 2026-9 James Chapman, Stéphanie Houle, Lawrence L. Schembri

  The Governor’s Challenge (GC) by the Bank of Canada marked its tenth year as a successful outreach and education initiative, designed to strengthen public understanding of macroeconomics and monetary policy.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E5

• The Usage of Security Lending Facilities under Unconventional Monetary Policy: Evidence from Sweden

  Staff working paper 2026-9 Marianna Blix Grimaldi, Fabienne Schneider, David Vestin

  This paper examines the interaction between quantitative easing (QE) and the securities lending facility (SLF) using a detailed dataset on Riksbank QE purchases, Swedish DMO SLF transactions and OTC repo deals. A theoretical model further shows how excess demand for assets and search frictions shift the SLF from a backstop to a first-resort tool.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E5, E52, E58, G, G2, G21 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Market structure, Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation

• Project Samara Research Paper

  Staff analytical paper 2026-8 Rakesh Arora, Umar Faruqui, Scott Hendry, Dinesh Shah, André Usche

  Project Samara was a real‑world experiment testing distributed ledger technology and wholesale central bank digital money for bond issuance and settlement in Canada. It demonstrated technical feasibility and potential efficiency and risk‑reduction benefits, while highlighting important trade‑offs related to complexity, governance, and regulatory alignment.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E4, E42, E5, E58, G, G2, G28, O, O3, O33 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Funds management, Market structure, Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech, Payment and financial market infrastructures

• The aggregate and heterogeneous effects of responding to shelter inflation

  Staff analytical paper 2026-5 Michael Irwin, Matías Vieyra

  This note examines how monetary policy responses to shelter inflation affect both the overall economy and different households. We find that the aggregate macroeconomic effects of responding to shelter inflation are modest, whereas the redistributive consequences across households are substantially larger.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E2, E3, E4, E5, G, G5 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission

• AI Paradox: Promise vs. Reality—What It Means for Monetary Policy

  Staff analytical paper 2026-4 Joshua Brault, Maryam Haghighi, Jing Yang

  This note reviews the emerging evidence on AI’s labour-market and productivity effects, highlighting early task-level impacts, sizable micro level productivity gains, and the macroeconomic challenges these pose for monetary policy during the transition.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, E3, E31, E5, E50, E52, E58 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Structural challenges, Digitalization and productivity

• Monetary Policy Under Okun’s Hypothesis

  Staff working paper 2026-3 Felipe Alves, Giovanni L. Violante

  The current monetary policy framework of the Fed intends to be more ’inclusive’ by running the economy hot for longer during expansions.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E21, E24, E3, E31, E32, E5, E52, J, J2, J24, J6, J64 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission

• Channels of Transmission: How Mortgage Rates Affect House Prices and Rents in Canada

  Staff analytical paper 2026-2 Nishaad Rao, Tao Wang

  We use Canadian data to examine how monetary policy affects house prices and the consumer price index for rent through exogenous changes in the mortgage interest rates. It finds that the price and rent impacts operate through various channels and that these impacts vary by region.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E3, E31, E5, E52, R, R2, R21 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission

• Extraordinary Forward Guidance in Canada During the Pandemic

  Staff analytical paper 2026-1 Christopher S. Sutherland

  We consider two trade-offs inherent to extraordinary forward guidance (EFG): potency versus flexibility, and the credibility of forward guidance versus the credibility of inflation targeting. We argue that the form of EFG used by the Bank of Canada during the COVID‑19 pandemic balanced both trade-offs relatively well.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): D, D3, D8, D83, D84, E, E3, E37, E5, E52, E58 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation

• Housing and the Long-Term Real Effects of Changes in Trend Inflation

  Staff working paper 2026-1 James (Jim) C. MacGee, Yuxi Yao

  An economy with fixed amortization mortgages and borrowing-constrained consumers leads to the level of inflation targeted having real effects on home ownership, consumption, and debt. Using a life-cycle housing tenure choice model, we show that by front-loading real mortgage payments, higher inflation lowers steady-state home ownership and the mortgage-debt-to-income ratio.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E21, E5, E50, G, G5, G51, R, R2, R21 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures