September 7, 2023 Staying the course Speech summary Tiff Macklem Calgary Chamber of Commerce Calgary, Alberta Speaking a day after we decided to maintain the policy interest rate at 5%, Governor Tiff Macklem explores some key factors behind the decision. He also explains why the 2% inflation target supports a stable economy and greater prosperity for households and businesses. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Speech summaries Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation, Inflation targeting framework
The Optimum Quantity of Central Bank Reserves Staff working paper 2025-15 Jonathan Witmer This paper analyzes the optimal quantity of central bank reserves in an economy where reserves and other financial assets provide liquidity benefits. Using a static model, I derive a constrained Friedman rule that characterizes the socially optimal level of reserves, demonstrating that this quantity is neither necessarily large nor small but depends on the marginal benefits of reserves relative to alternative safe assets. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E41, E42, E5, E58, G, G2, G21, G28 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation
October 25, 2005 Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 2005 Cover page Ready References The book is part of the National Currency Collection, Bank of Canada. Photography by Gord Carter, Ottawa. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review
November 6, 2025 Opening Statement before the Senate Standing Committee on Banking, Commerce and the Economy Opening statement Tiff Macklem Senate Standing Committee on Banking, Commerce and the Economy Ottawa, Ontario Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Opening statements
November 5, 2025 Opening Statement before the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance Opening statement Tiff Macklem House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance Ottawa, Ontario Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Opening statements
March 31, 2024 Quarterly Research Update – 2024 Q1 This newsletter features the latest research publications by Bank of Canada economists including external publications and working papers published on the Bank of Canada’s website. Content Type(s): Staff research, Research newsletters
The Impact of a Trade War: Assessment of the Current Tariffs and Alternative Scenarios Staff analytical note 2019-20 Karyne B. Charbonneau This note uses Charbonneau and Landry’s (2018) framework to assess the direct impact of the current trade tensions on the Canadian and global economies, as well as possible implications if the conflict escalates further. Overall, my findings show that the estimated impact of current tariffs on real gross domestic product (GDP) remains relatively small, which is in line with the literature on gains from trade, but the impact on trade is much larger. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): F, F1, F11, F13, F14, F15, F5, F50, F6, F62, F68 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
March 8, 2018 Canada’s Economic Expansion: A Progress Report Remarks Timothy Lane Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Vancouver, British Columbia Deputy Governor Tim Lane discusses the issues that led Governing Council to hold the policy interest rate at 1.25 per cent in their March 7 decision. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
April 28, 2017 Research Update - April 2017 This monthly newsletter features the latest research publications by Bank of Canada economists including external publications and working papers published on the Bank of Canada’s website. Content Type(s): Staff research, Research newsletters
December 31, 2022 Research Update - December 2022 This monthly newsletter features the latest research publications by Bank of Canada economists including external publications and working papers published on the Bank of Canada’s website. Content Type(s): Staff research, Research newsletters