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June 18, 2026
International Conference on Payments and Securities Settlement
The Deutsche Bundesbank will host the “International Conference on Payments and Securities Settlement” at its Conference Center in Eltville, Germany on 18 and 19 June 2026. -
Data Externalities, Market Power, and the Optimal Design of Central Bank Digital Currencies
This paper studies how a central bank should design a CBDC when private payment providers collect and monetize transaction data. It characterizes the optimal CBDC’s pricing and data policy, and shows how its effects on private payment use and total data depend on market power and data externalities. -
Measuring the AI Economy
We construct a macroeconomic estimate of total AI production in the United States, combining inference and R&D/training activities with quality adjustments to account for algorithmic progress. We then develop a nascent framework for "AI GDP" that tracks the AI economy as a coherent whole, complementing traditional national accounts. -
How Indigenous-owned firms finance their operations
Businesses that can’t easily access credit experience slower growth. Indigenous-owned firms are less likely than other firms in Canada to use conventional lending products—like loans or lines of credit from banks. We look at why Indigenous-owned businesses may face barriers to accessing credit. -
The trade-offs between different designs of tokenized systems
As interest in tokenization grows, so too does the focus on the design of tokenized systems. Different approaches—such as centralized or decentralized systems—could achieve similar outcomes. But the choice of design involves consequential trade-offs that shape how the entire ecosystem evolves. -
The Impact of Potential Retail Central Bank Digital Currency on the Canadian Financial System During a Severe Recession
This policy note examines how a non-interest-bearing retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) could affect the financial stability of Canada’s systemically important banks during a severe recession. Stress test results show that the banks remain resilient, maintaining key regulatory ratios even under high CBDC demand. -
June 12, 2026
Bank of Canada to begin publishing Notices of Violation by Payment Service Providers
The Bank of Canada will soon start publishing Notices of Violation related to Payment Service Providers (PSPs) that are subject to the Retail Payment Activities Act (RPAA) and the associated Retail Payment Activities Regulations. -
Tokenization: What it is and how to think about it
Tokenization involves representing traditional assets as tokens on a digital platform. This financial innovation has the potential to reshape money and markets, but a common approach for comparing system designs and weighing efficiency gains against risks has yet to be defined. We offer such an approach to improve understanding of this expanding technology and guide policy discussions. -
Banking Competition and Access to Cash and Retail Banking Services in Rural Canada
We study access to Canadian retail banking and cash services in rural, localized markets using the Bresnahan-Reiss entry threshold framework. We find that the first retail banking services branch entry requires about 500 residents in an average market, whereas the first cash services location requires about 80 residents.


