Governor Tiff Macklem talks about how financial risks could combine with global imbalances to weaken the international system and outlines the adjustments needed to keep it strong.
The Deutsche Bundesbank will host the “International Conference on Payments and Securities Settlement” at its Conference Center in Eltville, Germany on 18 and 19 June 2026.
This paper studies how a central bank should design a CBDC when private payment providers collect and monetize transaction data. It characterizes the optimal CBDC’s pricing and data policy, and shows how its effects on private payment use and total data depend on market power and data externalities.
We construct a macroeconomic estimate of total AI production in the United States, combining inference and R&D/training activities with quality adjustments to account for algorithmic progress. We then develop a nascent framework for "AI GDP" that tracks the AI economy as a coherent whole, complementing traditional national accounts.
Businesses that can’t easily access credit experience slower growth. Indigenous-owned firms are less likely than other firms in Canada to use conventional lending products—like loans or lines of credit from banks. We look at why Indigenous-owned businesses may face barriers to accessing credit.
As interest in tokenization grows, so too does the focus on the design of tokenized systems. Different approaches—such as centralized or decentralized systems—could achieve similar outcomes. But the choice of design involves consequential trade-offs that shape how the entire ecosystem evolves.
This policy note examines how a non-interest-bearing retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) could affect the financial stability of Canada’s systemically important banks during a severe recession. Stress test results show that the banks remain resilient, maintaining key regulatory ratios even under high CBDC demand.
The Bank of Canada will soon start publishing Notices of Violation related to Payment Service Providers (PSPs) that are subject to the Retail Payment Activities Act (RPAA) and the associated Retail Payment Activities Regulations.