January 8, 2026 Frequently asked questions about retail payments supervision Find answers to common questions about retail payments supervision. Content Type(s): Retail payments materials, Supplementary materials Subject(s): Retail payments, Operational risk and incident response, Registration, Safeguarding end-user funds, Supervision
November 3, 2014 The Legacy of the Financial Crisis: What we know, and what we don’t Remarks Stephen S. Poloz The Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships (CCPPP) Toronto, Ontario Bank of Canada Governor Stephen S. Poloz discusses the legacy of the financial crisis, what we know and what we don’t. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
Can the Common-Factor Hypothesis Explain the Observed Housing Wealth Effect? Staff working paper 2016-62 Narayan Bulusu, Jefferson Duarte, Carles Vergara-Alert The common-factor hypothesis is one possible explanation for the housing wealth effect. Under this hypothesis, house price appreciation is related to changes in consumption as long as the available proxies for the common driver of housing and non-housing demand are noisy and housing supply is not perfectly elastic. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E21, R, R3, R31 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Household and business credit, Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting
December 20, 2002 Transparency and the Response of Interest Rates to the Publication of Macroeconomic Data Bank of Canada Review - Winter 2002-2003 Nicolas Parent The benefits of transparency—the outcome of the measures taken by the central bank to allow financial markets and economic agents to understand the factors it takes into account in formulating monetary policy—are now widely recognized. These benefits include smoother implementation of monetary policy and increased effectiveness as markets improve their ability to anticipate the Bank's policy decisions and account for them in their operations. How interest rates respond to the publication of macroeconomic data depends on the degree of transparency in monetary policy, as the rates will rise or fall as a reflection of the market's revised expectations. Before the Bank of Canada adopted initiatives to improve transparency, such as the inflation-control targets, the semi-annual publication of the Monetary Policy Report and Updates, and the fixed announcement dates, changes to the overnight rate created some volatility in interest rates, and publishing Canadian macroeconomic data did not appear to have a major impact on rates. This article shows how the Bank of Canada's steps towards greater transparency have increased the impact of Canadian data on short-term interest rates and have improved financial markets' understanding of how monetary policy decisions are taken. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
October 8, 2014 Selecting, Developing and Designing the Visual Content for the Polymer Series This document provides a summary of the activities undertaken by the Bank of Canada to review the process of selecting, developing and designing the visual content for the Polymer series.
June 30, 2020 Our COVID-19 response: Navigating diverse economic impacts Lawrence L. Schembri The pandemic and related measures to control the spread of the virus have deeply affected Canadians and the Canadian economy. The impacts have been different across sectors and regions. The economic recovery will also vary across the country as local economies start to reopen. Content Type(s): Publications, The Economy, Plain and Simple Subject(s): Financial system, Financial stability, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
Climate Change and Socio-economic inequality in the US Staff working paper 2026-16 Barbara Sadaba, Tatjana Dahlhaus This paper examines how climate change affects income inequality across US states. Using a new climate-inequality VAR and a century of daily temperature data, it shows that shifts across the full temperature distribution—not just average warming—have diverse effects on within-state inequality. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): C, C1, C11, C3, C32, D, D6, D63, Q, Q5, Q54 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Structural challenges, Climate change
December 15, 2020 Strengthening our exports Speech summary Tiff Macklem Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Vancouver, British Columbia Governor Tiff Macklem talks about the importance of trade and exports to Canada’s economic recovery. He also talks about steps policy-makers and business can take to attract investment and improve competitiveness. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Speech summaries Subject(s): Financial system, Financial markets, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth
Understanding Firms’ Inflation Expectations Using the Bank of Canada’s Business Outlook Survey Staff working paper 2016-7 Simon Richards, Matthieu Verstraete Inflation expectations are a key determinant of actual and future inflation and thus matter for the conduct of monetary policy. We study how firms form their inflation expectations using quarterly firm-level data from the Bank of Canada’s Business Outlook Survey, spanning the 2001 to 2015 period. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): C, C1, C2, C25, D, D2, D21, D8, D84, E, E3, E31, E5, E52, E58 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission
August 29, 2018 Quarterly Financial Report - Second Quarter 2018 Quarterly Financial Report - Second Quarter 2018 - For the period ended 30 June 2018 Content Type(s): Publications, Quarterly Financial Report