November 8, 1994 The demand for currency and the underground economy Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 1994 Thérèse Laflèche The underground economy in Canada has attracted increased attention over the past few years, yet there is no precise way to measure its size. Recent estimates vary between 4 per cent and 15 per cent of gross domestic product. This article provides an overview of measurement issues and recent estimates. It then focusses on the "monetary" approach to estimating the size of the underground economy. This approach is based on the assumption that the demand for bank notes provides a clue as to the size of the underground economy. The article concludes that estimates that use this approach must be viewed with considerable caution. They are based on a number of assumptions that are difficult to verify and that significantly affect the results. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
November 7, 1994 The use of Canadian bank notes Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 1994 Louise Hyland This article delves into the microeconomics of note circulation, reviewing main factors affecting the demand for bank notes over the last 50 years, including new technology such as automated banking machines. It also discusses trends in the average value of notes in circulation and in the demand for notes of different denominations. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
June 1, 1994 Summer 1994 Mark Kruger, Robert Lafrance Canada's net external indebtedness increased from $110 billion in 1980 to $313 billion in 1993, reflecting the accumulation of current account deficits over many years. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
December 22, 1993 Statement of the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada on Monetary Policy Objectives December 1993 statement announcing the renewal of the agreement. Content Type(s): Press, Press releases
February 26, 1991 Targets for Reducing Inflation March 1991 statement announcing the renewal of the agreement. Content Type(s): Press, Press releases