July 5, 2021 Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations—Second Quarter of 2021 This survey took place during the third wave of the COVID‑19 pandemic and coincided with the acceleration of vaccination efforts. Like the previous four surveys, this survey included questions on the impact of COVID‑19 and the measures to contain its spread. This survey also asked respondents how they are planning to use the extra savings they may have accumulated during the pandemic. Content Type(s): Publications, Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations
Monetary Policy, Trends in Real Interest Rates and Depressed Demand Staff working paper 2021-27 Paul Beaudry, Césaire Meh Over the last few decades, real interest rates have trended downward. The most common explanation is that this reflects depressed demand due to demographic, technological and other real factors. We explore the claim that these trends may have been amplified by certain features of monetary policy. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E4, E43, E44, E5, E52, E6, E62, E63, H, H3, H6, H63 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Real economy and forecasting
February 5, 2026 Structural change—Canada at a crossroads Remarks Tiff Macklem Empire Club of Canada Toronto, Ontario Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how structural change—driven by U.S. protectionism, AI, and slowing population growth—is reshaping Canada’s economy. He outlines the Bank’s role in maintaining low and stable inflation while helping the economy through the transition. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
May 25, 2020 Monetary policy in unknowable times Lecture Stephen S. Poloz Eric J. Hanson Memorial Lecture University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta Governor Stephen S. Poloz discusses the evolution of the way the Bank takes a risk-management approach in the conduct of monetary policy, and what this implies for the recovery from the pandemic. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Lectures Subject(s): Financial system, Financial stability, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation targeting framework
Weakness in Non-Commodity Exports: Demand versus Supply Factors Staff analytical note 2018-28 José Dorich, Vadym Lepetyuk, Jonathan Swarbrick We use the Terms-of-Trade Economic Model (ToTEM) to conduct demand- and supply-driven simulations, both of which deliver weakness in Canadian non-commodity exports relative to foreign activity in line with recent data. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): E, E5, E52, F, F1, F10, F14, F17 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
The Macroeconomic Effects of Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area: Evidence from an Estimated DSGE Model Staff working paper 2018-11 Stefan Hohberger, Romanos Priftis, Lukas Vogel This paper estimates an open-economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with Bayesian techniques to analyse the macroeconomic effects of the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) quantitative easing (QE) programme. Using data on government debt stocks and yields across maturities, we identify the parameter governing portfolio adjustment in the private sector. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E44, E5, E52, F, F4, F41 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation
August 7, 2024 Summary of Governing Council deliberations: Fixed announcement date of July 24, 2024 This is an account of the deliberations of the Bank of Canada’s Governing Council leading to the monetary policy decision on July 24, 2024. Content Type(s): Publications, Summary of deliberations
January 29, 2025 Monetary Policy Report—January 2025 Economic growth has ticked up in Canada, boosted by past cuts in interest rates. In the absence of new tariffs, growth is forecast to strengthen, and inflation remains close to 2%. But the threat of new tariffs is causing major uncertainty. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
December 6, 1999 Bank of Canada Governor speaks to The Fraser Institute Media Relations Vancouver, British Columbia There is increasing international consensus that monetary policy can contribute to productivity growth and rising standards of living by establishing a stable, low-inflation environment, Bank of Canada Governor Gordon Thiessen told The Fraser Institute in a speech today. Content Type(s): Press, Press releases
September 30, 2015 Research Update - September 2015 This monthly newsletter features the latest research publications by Bank of Canada economists including external publications and working papers published on the Bank of Canada’s website. Content Type(s): Staff research, Research newsletters