Eggs in One Basket: Security and Convenience of Digital Currencies Staff working paper 2021-6 Charles M. Kahn, Francisco Rivadeneyra, Tsz-Nga Wong Digital currencies store balances in anonymous electronic addresses. This paper analyzes the trade-offs between the safety and convenience of aggregating balances in addresses, electronic wallets and banks. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E42, E5, E51, E58 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech, Payment and financial market infrastructures
Analyzing supply and demand for business loans using microdata from the Senior Loan Officer Survey Staff analytical note 2021-13 Dylan Hogg Both supply and demand factors help determine the level of business lending in the economy, but most data show only their combined effect on prices and quantities. Using the Bank of Canada’s Senior Loan Officer Survey microdata on financial institutions’ lending conditions and demand, we separate supply from demand effects. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): D, D2, D22, G, G0, G01, G2 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Household and business credit
October 1, 2026 The complexity of housing affordability Speech summary Carolyn Rogers Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce and CFA Society Victoria Victoria, British Columbia Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers talks about housing affordability and why it is so difficult to fix, explaining that housing has become about more than just a place to live. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Speech summaries Subject(s): Financial system, Financial stability, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation, Inflation targeting framework
November 15, 2017 Uncertainty can affect monetary policy actions, says Senior Deputy Governor Wilkins Media Relations New York, New York Uncertainty is an important consideration for monetary policy decisions and, depending on the circumstances, it can prompt central banks to be more, or less, aggressive, Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn A. Wilkins told the Money Marketeers of New York University in a speech today. “Central bankers have well-established methods to deal with uncertainty in the conduct […] Content Type(s): Press, Press releases
January 24, 2012 Sectoral Default Rates under Stress: The Importance of Non-Linearities Financial System Review - June 2007 Miroslav Misina, David Tessier Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles
November 7, 2001 Release of the Monetary Policy Report Opening statement David Dodge Since our May 2001 Report, a further weakening of the world economy and the terrorist acts in the United States have forced a reappraisal of global economic prospects. By midsummer, evidence began to accumulate that the economic slowdown, globally and in Canada, would bedeeper and more protracted than previously anticipated. Thus, in late August, the […] Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Opening statements
October 12, 2015 Integrating Financial Stability into Monetary Policy Remarks Stephen S. Poloz National Association for Business Economics Washington, D.C. Governor Poloz speaks about the Bank’s research agenda and how it supports efforts to integrate financial stability concerns into monetary policy. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
Assessing risks to oil prices through options markets Sparks at Bank article Harshbir Kaur, Eugene Trostin, Rishi Vala After the war in the Middle East began, futures markets hinted at how long oil prices could stay above their pre-war levels. Options on those futures further reveal how investors see the range and balance of risks around future oil prices—which helps central banks assess risks to inflation. Content Type(s): Staff research, Sparks at Bank article Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission
June 23, 2004 The Organizational Structure of Financial Market Regulation: Highlights from the Literature Financial System Review - June 2004 Christine Fay, Nicolas Parent Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles
Do Survey Expectations of Stock Returns Reflect Risk Adjustments? Staff working paper 2019-11 Klaus Adam, Dmitry Matveev, Stefan Nagel Motivated by the observation that survey expectations of stock returns are inconsistent with rational return expectations under real-world probabilities, we investigate whether alternative expectations hypotheses entertained in the literature on asset pricing are consistent with the survey evidence. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): G, G1, G10, G12 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Market structure, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Economic models