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3572 Results

January 30, 2023

Market Participants Survey—Questionnaire

In each survey cycle, respondents are asked to complete a standardized questionnaire. Bank staff then conduct follow-up interviews with a subgroup of respondents.
June 13, 2025

Driving decisions with data

The Bank of Canada continues to evolve its operations in response to rapid changes in the data landscape. The Bank is making more effective use of available data from a broad, diverse and growing set of sources; reducing potential risks related to data and technology; and preparing for future priorities that use data, analytics and models.
August 11, 1996

Real short-term interest rates and expected inflation: Measurement and interpretation

This article compares different measures of real short-term interest rates for Canada over the period from 1956 to 1995. A new measure for the expected real interest rate is constructed using a proxy for inflation expectations that is based on the properties of past inflation. The history of inflation in Canada suggests that the characteristics of inflation have changed considerably over time. Past inflation can be characterized by three different types of behaviour: an environment in which average inflation is low and shocks to inflation have only temporary effects; an environment of moderate inflation with more persistent disturbances; and an environment of drifting inflation in which shocks have permanent effects on the level of inflation. The proxy for inflation expectations uses a statistical model, called a Markov Switching Model, to take account of changes in the behaviour of inflation over time. It is found that uncertainty about the changing characteristics of inflation behaviour leads to uncertainty about estimates of inflation expectations and thus about measures of real interest rates. Target ranges for keeping inflation low should help reduce the uncertainty about inflation behaviour. The behaviour of inflation and interest rates suggests that the credibility of the Bank of Canada's inflation-control objectives is growing. This should reduce inflation uncertainty and lead to lower nominal interest rates over time.
August 19, 2011

Opening Statement before the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance

Opening statement Mark Carney House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance Ottawa, Ontario
Thank you for this opportunity to appear here today. Recent Economic and Financial Developments In recent weeks, several downside risks to the Bank’s July Monetary Policy Report (MPR) projection have been realised. The European sovereign crisis has intensified, the U.S. credit rating has been downgraded, and a broad range of data has signalled slower global […]

Crystal Arnburg

Crystal Arnburg is the Regional Director (Economics) at the Bank of Canada’s Regional Office for British Columbia and the Yukon.
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