On September 8, 2025, the Bank of Canada will begin to publish a list of Payment Service Providers (PSPs) that have been registered under the Retail Payment Activities Act, as well as the names of entities whose applications have been refused.
We present a dynamic debt strategy model framework designed to assist sovereign debt portfolio managers in choosing an optimal debt issuance strategy. The main innovation of this framework is the introduction of dynamic issuance strategies, which allow issuance decisions to vary over time based on the model’s simulated state variables.
The Bank of Canada supplies Canadians with bank notes they can use with confidence—notes that are readily accepted and secure against counterfeiting. To monitor and assess public confidence in the authenticity of bank notes, we survey a representative sample of 2,700 residents of Canada annually.
Tariffs are significantly higher than they were at the start of 2025, and it is extremely difficult to predict how US trade policy will play out. Canadian economic activity has slowed but is showing signs of resilience. While inflation is close to 2%, underlying inflation has picked up.
With some new tariff agreements in place, the range of trade policy outcomes has narrowed. Nevertheless, the situation remains fluid and difficult to predict. Canada’s economic outlook therefore continues to be highly dependant on assumptions about how US trade policy could unfold.