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This letter is in reference to the letter published by the Bank of Canada on September 8, 2025, indicating that there may be unintended consequences under the Income Tax Act for Payment Service Providers (PSPs) seeking to comply with the Retail Payment Activities Act (RPAA). Specifically, the September letter noted that there could be tax consequences or administrative burden under the Income Tax Act for PSPs seeking to safeguard end-user funds using the “in trust in a trust account” method while retaining interest income on the end-user funds they hold.

Tiff Macklem, Governor of the Bank of Canada.
Interview with The Globe and Mail.

We quantify the effects of large-scale stock purchases by a central bank and compare these to bond purchases. We find that the central bank’s equity purchases would lower the risk and term premiums on stocks and long-term bonds, respectively, and thereby stimulate economic activity.

We design, issue and distribute Canada’s bank notes. We work to ensure that Canadians have access to secure, reliable and high-quality bank notes.

The following fictional case scenarios illustrate the Bank’s approach to online marketplaces, and show examples of payment functions that are, and are not, incidental to a marketplace . These include the provision and maintenance of an account; the holding of funds on behalf of an end user; the initiation of an electronic funds transfer (EFT); authorization of an EFT and the transmission, facilitation or reception of an instruction in relation to an EFT; and the provision of clearing or settlement services.

This paper quantifies the contribution of sector-specific supply and demand shocks to personal consumption expenditure (PCE) inflation. It derives identification restrictions that are consistent with a large class of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with production networks.

Take an in-depth look at the indicators related to financial stability.

Get quarterly data for the indicators we use to track the evolution of the financial stability of the Canadian economy.

This supervisory policy sets out the Bank’s approach to online marketplaces and explains when their activities fall within the scope of the Retail Payment Activities Act.