<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<data>
<terms url="https://www.bankofcanada.ca/terms/"></terms>
<groupDetail>
    <label>Chart 1: Global trade as a share of GDP has stopped growing</label>
    <description><![CDATA[Annual data

Note: The Irwin estimate is from D. A. Irwin, “Globalization is in retreat since the Second World War,” Peterson Institute for International Economics (October 2022). Penn World Table refers to A. Heston, R. Summers and B. Aten, “Penn World Table Version 6.3, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices,” University of Pennsylvania (August 2009).

Sources: Irwin (2022), Penn World Table and World Bank via Haver Analytics]]></description>
    <link>https://www.bankofcanada.ca/?p=248293</link>
</groupDetail>
<seriesDetail>
<series id="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S1">
<label>Irwin estimate (goods)</label>
<description></description>
<dimension key="d" name="Date"/>
</series>
<series id="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">
<label>Penn World Table (goods)</label>
<description></description>
<dimension key="d" name="Date"/>
</series>
<series id="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">
<label>World Bank (goods and services)</label>
<description></description>
<dimension key="d" name="Date"/>
</series>
</seriesDetail>
<observations>
<o d="1945-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S1">10.1</v></o>
<o d="1946-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S1">15.1</v></o>
<o d="1947-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S1">19.8</v></o>
<o d="1948-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S1">17.1</v></o>
<o d="1949-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S1">16.4</v></o>
<o d="1950-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">19.9</v></o>
<o d="1951-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.8</v></o>
<o d="1952-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">20.6</v></o>
<o d="1953-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">19.2</v></o>
<o d="1954-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">19.8</v></o>
<o d="1955-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">20.5</v></o>
<o d="1956-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">21.4</v></o>
<o d="1957-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">21.8</v></o>
<o d="1958-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">20.0</v></o>
<o d="1959-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">20.3</v></o>
<o d="1960-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.5</v></o>
<o d="1961-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.1</v></o>
<o d="1962-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">21.6</v></o>
<o d="1963-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.3</v></o>
<o d="1964-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.5</v></o>
<o d="1965-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.4</v></o>
<o d="1966-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.7</v></o>
<o d="1967-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">22.5</v></o>
<o d="1968-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">23.1</v></o>
<o d="1969-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S2">23.7</v></o>
<o d="1970-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">25.8</v></o>
<o d="1971-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">25.8</v></o>
<o d="1972-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">26.0</v></o>
<o d="1973-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">29.0</v></o>
<o d="1974-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">33.8</v></o>
<o d="1975-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">32.0</v></o>
<o d="1976-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">32.8</v></o>
<o d="1977-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">33.1</v></o>
<o d="1978-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">33.5</v></o>
<o d="1979-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">35.7</v></o>
<o d="1980-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">38.6</v></o>
<o d="1981-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">39.0</v></o>
<o d="1982-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">37.0</v></o>
<o d="1983-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">36.2</v></o>
<o d="1984-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">37.5</v></o>
<o d="1985-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">37.0</v></o>
<o d="1986-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">34.6</v></o>
<o d="1987-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">35.8</v></o>
<o d="1988-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">37.7</v></o>
<o d="1989-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">38.0</v></o>
<o d="1990-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">38.1</v></o>
<o d="1991-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">37.9</v></o>
<o d="1992-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">40.8</v></o>
<o d="1993-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">40.3</v></o>
<o d="1994-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">41.3</v></o>
<o d="1995-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">43.1</v></o>
<o d="1996-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">43.2</v></o>
<o d="1997-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">45.0</v></o>
<o d="1998-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">45.5</v></o>
<o d="1999-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">46.0</v></o>
<o d="2000-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">50.4</v></o>
<o d="2001-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">49.2</v></o>
<o d="2002-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">49.3</v></o>
<o d="2003-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">50.9</v></o>
<o d="2004-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">54.5</v></o>
<o d="2005-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">56.5</v></o>
<o d="2006-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">58.7</v></o>
<o d="2007-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">59.1</v></o>
<o d="2008-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">60.7</v></o>
<o d="2009-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">52.2</v></o>
<o d="2010-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">56.5</v></o>
<o d="2011-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">59.7</v></o>
<o d="2012-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">59.5</v></o>
<o d="2013-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">58.8</v></o>
<o d="2014-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">58.1</v></o>
<o d="2015-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">55.8</v></o>
<o d="2016-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">54.0</v></o>
<o d="2017-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">55.7</v></o>
<o d="2018-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">57.2</v></o>
<o d="2019-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">56.0</v></o>
<o d="2020-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">52.1</v></o>
<o d="2021-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">56.9</v></o>
<o d="2022-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">62.6</v></o>
<o d="2023-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">58.4</v></o>
<o d="2024-01-01"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20250923_C1_S3">56.6</v></o>
</observations>
</data>