<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<data>
<terms url="https://www.bankofcanada.ca/terms/"></terms>
<groupDetail>
    <label>Chart 1: Trade as a share of GDP</label>
    <description><![CDATA[Note: The Irwin estimate is from D. A. Irwin, “Globalization is in retreat for the first time since the Second World War,” Peterson Institute for International Economics (October 2022). Penn World Table refers to A. Heston, R. Summers and B. Aten, Penn World Table Version 6.3, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices, University of Pennsylvania (August 2009).

Sources:  Irwin (2022), Penn World Table and World Bank]]></description>
    <link>https://www.bankofcanada.ca/?p=240647</link>
</groupDetail>
<seriesDetail>
<series id="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S1">
<label>Irwin estimate (goods)</label>
<description></description>
<dimension key="d" name="Date"/>
</series>
<series id="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">
<label>Penn World Table (goods)</label>
<description></description>
<dimension key="d" name="Date"/>
</series>
<series id="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">
<label>World Bank (goods and services)</label>
<description></description>
<dimension key="d" name="Date"/>
</series>
</seriesDetail>
<observations>
<o d="1945-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S1">10.14</v></o>
<o d="1946-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S1">15.05</v></o>
<o d="1947-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S1">19.82</v></o>
<o d="1948-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S1">17.14</v></o>
<o d="1949-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S1">16.35</v></o>
<o d="1950-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">19.87</v></o>
<o d="1951-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.81</v></o>
<o d="1952-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">20.58</v></o>
<o d="1953-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">19.20</v></o>
<o d="1954-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">19.76</v></o>
<o d="1955-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">20.46</v></o>
<o d="1956-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">21.44</v></o>
<o d="1957-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">21.85</v></o>
<o d="1958-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">20.05</v></o>
<o d="1959-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">20.30</v></o>
<o d="1960-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.45</v></o>
<o d="1961-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.07</v></o>
<o d="1962-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">21.59</v></o>
<o d="1963-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.26</v></o>
<o d="1964-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.50</v></o>
<o d="1965-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.35</v></o>
<o d="1966-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.71</v></o>
<o d="1967-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">22.50</v></o>
<o d="1968-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">23.06</v></o>
<o d="1969-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S2">23.75</v></o>
<o d="1970-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">25.01</v></o>
<o d="1971-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">25.16</v></o>
<o d="1972-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">25.39</v></o>
<o d="1973-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">28.42</v></o>
<o d="1974-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">33.27</v></o>
<o d="1975-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">31.47</v></o>
<o d="1976-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">32.15</v></o>
<o d="1977-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">32.43</v></o>
<o d="1978-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">32.02</v></o>
<o d="1979-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">34.27</v></o>
<o d="1980-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.14</v></o>
<o d="1981-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.41</v></o>
<o d="1982-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">36.74</v></o>
<o d="1983-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">35.90</v></o>
<o d="1984-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.17</v></o>
<o d="1985-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">36.71</v></o>
<o d="1986-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">34.28</v></o>
<o d="1987-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">35.60</v></o>
<o d="1988-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.44</v></o>
<o d="1989-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.94</v></o>
<o d="1990-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.91</v></o>
<o d="1991-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">37.83</v></o>
<o d="1992-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">40.74</v></o>
<o d="1993-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">40.24</v></o>
<o d="1994-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">41.07</v></o>
<o d="1995-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">43.17</v></o>
<o d="1996-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">43.30</v></o>
<o d="1997-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">45.20</v></o>
<o d="1998-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">45.60</v></o>
<o d="1999-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">46.05</v></o>
<o d="2000-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">50.69</v></o>
<o d="2001-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">49.61</v></o>
<o d="2002-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">49.42</v></o>
<o d="2003-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">51.18</v></o>
<o d="2004-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">54.62</v></o>
<o d="2005-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">56.68</v></o>
<o d="2006-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">58.94</v></o>
<o d="2007-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">59.33</v></o>
<o d="2008-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">60.99</v></o>
<o d="2009-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">52.46</v></o>
<o d="2010-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">56.96</v></o>
<o d="2011-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">60.19</v></o>
<o d="2012-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">59.94</v></o>
<o d="2013-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">59.15</v></o>
<o d="2014-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">58.55</v></o>
<o d="2015-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">56.17</v></o>
<o d="2016-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">54.40</v></o>
<o d="2017-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">56.15</v></o>
<o d="2018-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">57.69</v></o>
<o d="2019-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">56.33</v></o>
<o d="2020-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">52.37</v></o>
<o d="2021-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">56.74</v></o>
<o d="2022-12-31"><v s="SPEECH_MACK20240910_C1_S3">62.50</v></o>
</observations>
</data>