Find Bank of Canada research by keyword, author, content type, JEL code, topic or date of publication.
Receive notification by email whenever new research is added to the website.
76
result(s)
2022 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report: Cash Use Over 13 Years
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-1
Christopher Henry,
Doina Rusu,
Matthew Shimoda
We present results from the 2022 Methods-of-Payment Survey, including updated payment shares based on a three-day shopping diary. We also assess various factors associated with long-term trends in cash use.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19),
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
D,
D8,
D83,
E,
E4,
E41
How Far Do Canadians Need to Travel to Access Cash?
Staff Discussion Paper 2023-28
Heng Chen,
Daneal O’Habib,
Hongyu Xiao
This paper develops a travel-based metric to measure Canadians’ access to cash from automated banking machines (ABMs) and financial institution branches. We find that, overall, access to cash remained stable between 2019 and 2022. The total number of ABMs in Canada increased by 3.7% and the total number of branches decreased by 5.2% during that period.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Financial services,
Regional economic developments
JEL Code(s):
G,
G2,
G21,
J,
J1,
J15,
R,
R5,
R51
Redefining Financial Inclusion for a Digital Age: Implications for a Central Bank Digital Currency
Staff Discussion Paper 2023-22
Alexandra Sutton-Lalani,
Sebastian Hernandez,
John Miedema,
Jiamin Dai,
Badr Omrane
We explore quantitative and qualitative information about Canadians who face barriers to making digital payments. We also consider the implications of ongoing digitalization for modern financial inclusion and a potential central bank digital currency.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Accessibility,
Bank notes,
Central bank research,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Digitalization,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
A,
A1,
A14,
E,
E4,
E42,
E5,
E50,
I,
I3,
I31,
O,
O3,
O33,
O5,
O51
Unmet Payment Needs and a Central Bank Digital Currency
Staff Discussion Paper 2023-15
Christopher Henry,
Walter Engert,
Alexandra Sutton-Lalani,
Sebastian Hernandez,
Darcey McVanel,
Kim Huynh
We discuss the payment habits of Canadians both in the current payment environment and in a hypothetical cashless environment.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Central bank research,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C12,
C9,
E,
E4,
O,
O5,
O54
Cryptoasset Ownership and Use in Canada: An Update for 2022
Staff Discussion Paper 2023-14
Daniela Balutel,
Christopher Henry,
Doina Rusu
We find that Bitcoin ownership declined from 13% in 2021 to 10% in 2022. This drop occurred against a background of steep price declines and an increasingly tight regulatory atmosphere.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C8,
C81,
E,
E4,
O,
O5,
O51
The 2021–22 Merchant Acceptance Survey Pilot Study
Staff Discussion Paper 2023-1
Angelika Welte,
Joy Wu
The rise in digital payment innovations has spurred a discussion about the future of cash at the point of sale. The Bank conducted the 2021–22 Merchant Acceptance Survey Pilot Study to study trends in merchant cash acceptance and monitor conditions for the potential issuance of a central bank digital currency.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C8,
D,
D2,
D22,
E,
E4,
L,
L2
2021 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report
Staff Discussion Paper 2022-23
Christopher Henry,
Matthew Shimoda,
Julia Zhu
We present results from the 2021 Methods-of-Payment Survey, including updated payment shares. We highlight long-term trends and provide additional context for results with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19),
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
D,
D8,
D83,
E,
E4,
E41
Private Digital Cryptoassets as Investment? Bitcoin Ownership and Use in Canada, 2016-2021
Staff Working Paper 2022-44
Daniela Balutel,
Walter Engert,
Christopher Henry,
Kim Huynh,
Marcel Voia
We report on the dynamics of Bitcoin awareness and ownership from 2016 to 2021, using the Bank of Canada's Bitcoin Omnibus Surveys (BTCOS). Our analysis also helps understand Bitcoin owners who adopted during the COVID-19 and how they differ from long-term owners.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C12,
E,
E4,
O,
O5,
O51
Cash, COVID-19 and the Prospects for a Canadian Digital Dollar
Staff Discussion Paper 2022-17
Walter Engert,
Kim Huynh
We provide an analysis of cash trends in Canada before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also consider the potential two scenarios for issuance of a central bank digital currency in Canada: the emergence of a cashless society or the widespread use of an alternative digital currency in Canada. Finally, we discuss the Canadian experience in maintaining cash as an efficient and accessible method of payment and store of value.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Central bank research,
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19),
Digital currencies and fintech,
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C12,
C9,
E,
E4,
O,
O5,
O54