E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems - Bank of Canada
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Bank of Canada RSS Feedsen2024-03-28T15:18:08+00:00Distributional Effects of Payment Card Pricing and Merchant Cost Pass-through in Canada and the United States
https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2021/02/staff-working-paper-2021-8/
Although credit cards are more expensive for merchants to accept than cash or debit cards, merchants typically pass through their costs evenly to all customers. Along with consumer card rewards and banking fees, this creates cross-subsidies between payment methods. Because higher-income individuals tend to use credit cards more than those with lower incomes, our results indicate that these cross-subsidies might lead to regressive distributional effects.2021-02-05T10:29:38+00:00enDistributional Effects of Payment Card Pricing and Merchant Cost Pass-through in Canada and the United States2021-02-05Bank notesFinancial institutionsFinancial servicesMarket structure and pricingPayment clearing and settlement systemsStaff Working Paper 2021-8https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/swp2021-8.pdfDistributional Effects of Payment Card Pricing and Merchant Cost Pass-through in Canada and the United StatesMarie-Hélène FeltFumiko HayashiJoanna StavinsAngelika WelteFebruary 2021DD1D12D2D23D3D31EE4E42GG2G21LL8L81Estimating Policy Functions in Payments Systems Using Reinforcement Learning
https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2021/02/staff-working-paper-2021-7/
We demonstrate the ability of reinforcement learning techniques to estimate the best-response functions of banks participating in high-value payments systems—a real-world strategic game of incomplete information.2021-02-01T09:44:50+00:00enEstimating Policy Functions in Payments Systems Using Reinforcement Learning2021-02-01Digital currencies and fintechFinancial institutionsFinancial system regulation and policiesPayment clearing and settlement systemsStaff Working Paper 2021-7https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/swp2021-7.pdfEstimating Policy Functions in Payments Systems Using Reinforcement LearningPablo S. CastroAjit DesaiHan DuRodney J. GarrattFrancisco RivadeneyraFebruary 2021AA1A12CC7DD8D83EE4E42E5E58